Modern Dictator Analysis on Louis XIV of France and Fidel...

Dictators throughout time have many of the same traits making them very comparable. Two dictators that are iconic in history are Louis XIV of France and Fidel Castro the modern dictator of Cuba. Castro gets a lot of hate thrown his way but this is really a one sided view because Castro is only seen from Americas point of view. Sadly Castro doesn’t get any recognition for all the good things he has done for Cuba. Somehow Louis is seen as a great leader while he abused his people and left his successor with no ally’s and the kingdom of France a mess. Common beliefs in these leaders are all misleading because Castro is clearly a better leader than Louis if you consider how Castro cared for his people while Louis only cared for himself. Castro is also better than Lois the XIV because Castro took an abusive leader out of power and ended a revolution when Louis was the abusive leader. The leader before Castro was Fulgencio Batista and he tried to sell out Cuban business to Th e US and he took huge amounts of money from the government. Batista took money from the government and did whatever was in the best interest of his wallet not the Cuban people. Batista took power when Cuba’s economy was doing better than they ever had before and he ruined it by encouraging large scale gambling and running organized crime all over the country. Castro and the rest of the Cuban people despised Batista and the people revolted against Batista and won back their country. The government was in

Sonny s Blues And A Worn Path - 1472 Words

No matter the era, location, or even times of the darkest personal conflict, the power of love tends to always prevail. The power behind the love of family in particular seems to be the greatest. Despite the differences in the relationships, the deep bond of brotherhood in â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† by James Baldwin shares some of the same levels of devotion that is present in â€Å"A Worn Path† by Eudora Welty which is about the arduous trek a grandmother endures for her grandson. Although the stories differ in certain areas, both â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† and â€Å"A Worn Path† emphasizes the dedication one has both emotionally and physically and the importance of family bonds when someone they love encounters challenging and life threatening times by the displays of devotion to help the ones they love. In â€Å"Sonny’s Blues,† Baldwin shows how the bond of brotherhood can withstand many disheartening choices one can make in life.  "Sonny’s Blues† is a story about a brother who has made a life for himself the best he could. The unnamed character in the story describes the heartbreaking experience of witnessing his younger brother, Sonny, fight to stay sober. While the unnamed character grew up, joined the military, and got married; his brother Sonny, took a less travelled path that lead to some trouble. When Sonny was younger, his musical dreams seemed to upset the unnamed character and he felt his brother needed to grow up and make a real life decision about a career. The unnamed character didn’t believeShow MoreRelatedSonnys Blues1264 Words   |  6 PagesSonny s Blues A captivating tale of a relationship between two troubling brothers in Harlem, Sonny s Blues is told from the perception of Sonny s brother, whose name is never mentioned. Baldwin s choice of Sonny s brother as a narrator is what makes Sonny s Blues significant in terms of illustrating the relationship and emotional complications of Sonny and his brother. The significance of Sonny s Blues lies in the way Sonny s brother describes their relationship based on what heRead More Sonnys Blues by James Baldwin Essay1228 Words   |  5 PagesSonnys Blues by James Baldwin A captivating tale of a relationship between two troubling brothers in Harlem, Sonnys Blues is told from the perception of Sonnys brother, whose name is never mentioned. Baldwins choice of Sonnys brother as a narrator is what makes Sonnys Blues significant in terms of illustrating the relationship and emotional complications of Sonny and his brother. The significance of Sonnys Blues lies in the way Sonnys brother describes their relationship based on

The B Dubois s Impact On American Society - 904 Words

Chloe Thompson Ms. Webster English III H 5B 4 May 2015 W.E.B DuBois One of the late 19th century and early 20th century’s most prominent black empowerment leaders was W.E.B DuBois. In research it is clear that DuBois was not subtle to one job or career choice. His main goal was to improve the lives of African Americans. As a Civil Rights activist, sociologist, educator, historian, writer, editor, poet, and scholar, DuBois contributed to changing American society today. On February 23, 1868, William Edward Burghardt DuBois was born to Alfred Alexander DuBois and Mary Sylvina Burghardt-DuBois. Born and raised in Great Barrington, Massachusetts, DuBois was educated alongside Caucasian children and taught by white teachers as well. In 1885 he migrated to Nashville, Tennessee to attend Fisk University (â€Å"W.E.B DuBois.†). While at Fisk, DuBois encountered irrational racism and Jim Crow laws for the first time. According to Derrick Alridge, DuBois focused â€Å"†¦ on philosophy, history, and poverty. It was at this point that he began to form his idea of the talented tenth—a cadre of college-educated blacks that would break down the institutional structures of American racism while elevating their race to a pinnacle of respect in the world community† (Alridge). After graduating from Fisk in 1888, DuBois was accepted into Harvard as a graduate. While at Harvard, he studied abroad at Humboldt University in Berlin, Germany. He l earned the German language while attended Fisk University backShow MoreRelatedDuBois and Washington on Education Essays1113 Words   |  5 PagesDuBois and Washington on Education Over 100 years ago W.E.B DuBois and Booker T. Washington began a debate over strategies for black social and economic progress, which is still prevalent today. Booker T. Washington believed that the role of education for African Americans should be an industrial one, where as W.E.B DuBois wanted African Americans to become engaged in a Liberal Arts education. WashingtonsRead MoreWilliam Dubois And African American Achievement Since The Paris World s Fair818 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam DuBois was one of this country s most important activist and educator. He was born in 1868 in a small village in Massachusetts. DuBois was attacked by racism in 19th century while attending Fisk University in Nashville. While completing his graduate studies at Harvard , W.E.B Duboi wrote an passage on the history of the slave trade. The slave trade is still considered one of the most talked about subject today. In 1895 W.E.B. Dubois was the first ever African American to earn a doctor degreeRead MoreThe Impact On The Women s Suffrage Movement1339 Words   |  6 PagesAnd the Impact on the Women’s Suffrage Movement Of all the issues that were in the middle of reformation mid 1800’s, antislavery, education, intemperance, prison reform, and world peace, women’s rights was the most radical idea proposed. The Seneca Falls Convention of 1848 was a rally held by Elizabeth Cady Stanton with the common goal to eventually achieve equal rights among all citizens. Frederick Douglass, who became an acclaimed activist in the African American Equal Rights movement, accompaniedRead MoreDeculturalization Essay1229 Words   |  5 Pagessomeones pre-existing culture is the basis of ethnocentrism. People have repeatedly become victims of deculturalization, especially in the United States, and by analyzing this ethnocentrism one learns the importance of sustaining different cultures in society. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;There are many methods of deculturalization, such as segregation, isolation, and forced change of language. When the content of curriculum reflects culture of dominant group, it is deculturalization. Also, dominatedRead MoreAfrican Diaspora Identity : History, Race, Culture, And Language1147 Words   |  5 Pagesallowed free expression when at times the African’s who were brought to America were enslaved without a voice. To fully understand African Diaspora identity one must understand the four factors of history, culture, race and language and the ways it impacts identity. African diaspora identity is comprised of both the homeland of origin and the new culture and geography. According to the article, â€Å"More than a Tribesman: The New African Diasporan Identity,† The African diaspora identity has much toRead MoreThe Souls Of Black Folk And Three Negro Classics1158 Words   |  5 Pagesnew class of taught African Americans that perform duties. Du Bois said â€Å"I taught school in the hills of Tennessee where the broad dark vale of the Mississippi begins to roll and crumple to greet the Alleghenies† (253). That they found themselves able to ace this world but hold relationship for the untaught masses gave an illustration to other instructed African Americans of how to handle the issue of the covering that separated the lives of whites and African Americans. The stories of these showRead MoreThe Gilded Age1542 Words   |  7 PagesThe Gilded Age was a time of reconstruction and change for most white Americans, but as for African Americans, the Gilded Age was full of inequality and discrimination. Many groups and individuals attempted to make changes for black Americans but few were successful. Though it was not until the Progressive Er a that racial segregation started gaining attention and African Americans, as well as those who wanted them to be treated equally, began making changes and their fight against racial segregationRead MoreAfrican Americans Had A Tough Time Being Socially Accepted1872 Words   |  8 PagesAfrican Americans had a tough time being socially accepted in America from the time they were brought on slave ships in the 1600’s. African Americans worked for slave owners following their every command whether it was picking cotton in the fields, cooking for the slave owners families or any demeaning tasks. Slavery took place until President Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation January 1, 1863 which declared â€Å"that all persons held as slaves within the rebellious states are and henceforthRead MoreThe Effectiveness of Martin Luther King Jr, as Opposed to Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. Dubois and Malcom X2045 Words   |  9 PagesAfter slavery was abolished, African America ns worked to integrate into mainstream American society. During the twentieth century many African American civil rights leaders led the African American civil rights movement. All of them had different ideas and approaches to further improve the status for the African American individual in attempt to gain civil equality. The pioneer civil rights leaders of the twentieth century were Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Dubois. Their respected ideas were knownRead MoreLiberty And Justice For All1381 Words   |  6 Pagesto deliver â€Å"liberty and justice for all† persons. The White supremacist nation which was built to protect and defend whiteness would crumble if this promise was actually taken seriously. This notion of whiteness is engrained in all aspects of the society especially in the media, including film. After comparing the movies Bring It On and Freedom Writers it became clear to me that whiteness in these films, as well as in real life, is perpetuated at the cost o f minority survival. In this essay, I will

Measures Companies Need to Take in Order to Prevent...

Hackers have thousands of tools at their disposal to take advantage of you including tools such as keystroke loggers. Keystroke loggers record every single keystroke you type on computer this includes private email messages, bank account password, and credit card number. Most computer users dont give security a second thought but the reality is that failure to take some simple steps could result in identity theft or worse. If connected to the Internet via a high-speed connection (DSL or cable), hackers can turn computer into a zombie to launch attacks against thousands of other users and computers. There are several ways that can be taken to avoid failure in a computer system that performs the outsourcing in information†¦show more content†¦Admission workers who do not have knowledge in handling CA 7 to RBS are not allowed. Therefore, the management should take steps assume certain employees have criteria in information technology. 3.3 Software Security information technology becomes more important when operating a business using information technology tools. It is important for a company like RBS to take the necessary measures to protect business information technology equipment from hackers who can steal important information, or viruses that could bring down the computer system. Information technology outsourcing means the software, including malware protection for endpoints, can be updated automatically by the supplier. This obviates the need for a local technology take workstations running offline for an upgrade. The steps that can be implemented to ensure the prevention of computer system failure is to regularly update the computer operating system. Hackers often look for a system that does not have the latest protection. Software must also be put into place to prevent spam and detects spyware, programs installed hidden from the outside exposure of sensitive information computer system against intruders. When using the encryption software to protect customers financial information from theft during a transaction.Show MoreRelatedMeasures Companies Need to Take in Order to Prevent Computers System Failure745 Words   |  3 PagesComputer system failure can be classified to unintentional threats, not to mention intentional threat, IT attacks, targeted attacks, and botnets. It occurs as the result of poor manufacturing, defective materials, and outdated or poorly maintained networks. Unintentional malfunctions can also happen for other reasons, ranging from lack of experience to inadequate test ing. There’s way to prevent this unintentional threat from happening. 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For thousands of years ‘physical’ records were used, whether it be an Ancient Egyptian chiselling hieroglyphics onto stone tablets in 4500BC, or a bank teller in the 1940’s writing bank account deals in a paper customer account book. It wasn’t until 1956 that the first computer, the LEO 1 (Lyons Electronic Office 1) was used for a commercial business application. It was a very simple system, it was used by Ford Motors for payrollRead MoreSocial Engineering : Defining It, And The Impacts On Individuals And Society Essay1361 Words   |  6 Pageshave increased the ways they can gain valuable information from computer systems before any suspicion arises, most often playing off human error or weakness. There are preventatives measures to take such as a firewall and installing anti-virus protection on a computer system. However, humans are naturally very trusting, and when that is combined with security gaps, it leads to the hackers gaining full control over the computer system. 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Systems security helps in avoiding or handling threats, vulnerability and dis aster that can break the business lifecycle. Applying information systems security to an organizations’ IT infrastructure helps maintain CIA (Confidentiality, Integrity and availability), identify potential risk that could damage the businessRead MoreCyber Security, A Government And Private Industry Affair1686 Words   |  7 PagesCyber-security, a government and private industry affair Introduction The role of computers in business operations is growing with each wake. Computers have helped entities boost efficiency, speed up service and product delivery and take consumer interaction to another level. However, this new wave has not come without its challenges. Cybercrimes pose a threat to information security and privacy, which is a concern for private and public institutions alike. The United States has developed laws thatRead MoreRoyal Bank of Scotland Case Study on RBS Computer Failures Essay2087 Words   |  9 Pageslearn in this assignment? Do you get any information and gain knowledge regarding the issue? I was given a task by Madam Manaf to complete the Business Information management assignment about RBS computer failure Caused by inexperienced operative in India. This assignment tells about the computer glitch at the Royal Bank of Scotland which left millions of customers unable to access their accounts could have been caused by just one junior technician in India. The benefit that I learn from thisRead MoreInternal Threats And External Threats1543 Words   |  7 PagesStructured threats – comes from attackers/hackers who are very motivated and have an amazing technique to break into any network system. They will understand how a system works, their vulnerabilities and can develop exploit code and scripts. 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Y176 Tma01 Free Essays

Describe the three different parenting styles and discuss how they might impact on children’s behaviour. Use the module materials to illustrate your answer. Task 1 Question 1 Point 1: It is not only parenting styles that can impact on a child’s behaviour, other factors such changes in a child’s life can also affect behaviour Task 1 Question 2 Evidence for point 1: †¢Colloby et al. We will write a custom essay sample on Y176 Tma01 or any similar topic only for you Order Now (2012, ch 2) With the focal family in the son Thomas’s behaviour since being diagnosed with having a hearing impairment has had a significant effect on the family. †¢Colloby et al. 2012, ch 2) Thomas was introduced to a speech and language therapist. Task 1 Question 1 Point 2: Early learning stages of a child’s life can create an impact on children’s behaviour Task 1 Question 2 Evidence for point 2: †¢Colloby et al. (2012, p. 42) states Swiss biologist and psychologist Jean Piaget (1896-1980) â€Å"is renowned for his four-stage model of child development that linked children’s behaviour to different stages of development† †¢Colloby et al. (2012, p. 42) shows a table of Piaget’s first two stages of cognitive development and how these relate to key characteristics of children’s play †¢Colloby et al. (2012, p. 3) Russian psychologist, Vygotsky (1896-1934) argued that â€Å"Piaget had underestimated the role of langu age and social interaction in cognitive development and that children learn best in a social context with a ‘more knowledgeable other’ – someone who can support and encourage them in their learning† †¢Colloby et al. (2012, p. 43) states â€Å"Vygotsky believed that learning occurs when a child is supported by another person to do what they could not do alone. He called this the ‘zone of proximal development’†. †¢Colloby et al. (2012, p. 44) states â€Å"Feund (1990) conducted a study where young children were involved in placing furniture in doll’s house. She concluded that playing alongside a ‘more knowledgeable other’ helped the child to achieve the next step in their own learning thereby achieving something they could not have done alone† Task 1 Question 1 Point 3: Transition in children’s lives can impact on their behaviour when a transition to daycare or school occurs. Task 1 Question 2 Ev idence for point 3: †¢Colloby et al. (2012, p. 47) states â€Å"Childcare professionals play an important role in the lives of the twenty-first century family for a number of reasons† †¢Colloby et al. (2012, p. 7) states â€Å"it is much more common for both parents to go out to work, either full or part time, and so children may be accessing day-care settings for at least some of the time, before they go to school† Task 1 Question 1 Point 4: The involvement of professionals and having to build new relationships can impact on a child’s behaviour Task 1 Question 2 Evidence for point 4: †¢Colloby et al. (2012, ch 2) the son Thomas has had to build new relationships and adapt to changes that he is not familiar and comfortable with. With the involvement of professionals Thomas was introduced to a speech and language therapist Task 1 Question 3 The focus of this essay is to describe the three parenting styles and to discuss how they might impact on children’s behaviour. The three parenting styles are authoritarian parent, an authoritative parent and a permissive parent. I am also going to describe other factors that may impact on children’s behaviour, such as changes in a child’s life, the involvement of professionals in children’s lives, the early learning stages and also the transition children experience when having to detach from their primary carer to attend day-care or school. Authoritarian parents are considered as being disciplined, strict and controlling. Rules are set and they expect their child to follow them. They will not allow the child to make any choices or decisions of their own. They use a tough disciplined technique. The rules imposed are not open to negotiation with the child. They often will not explain the reasons why the rules are being imposed and also enforce their own punishment when a rule is broken. Similar, but different to, is the authoritative parent. They are also defined as strict but they have more of an understanding approach to their child when boundaries have been broken. The parent will set boundaries, rules and guidelines that are plausible rather than enforce unrealistic ones. They will explain to the child the reasons why they are being introduced, should they broken, they will also issue non-punitive punishments. The third style is a permissive parent. They recognise their child’s developmental and emotional needs but they have difficulty imposing rules and setting boundaries. This style teaches the child that rules do not have to be followed. They are also described as being soft and too easy going. Permissive parents become a friend rather than a parent and tend to ‘give in’ to their child very easily. A child’s behaviour can be both good and bad, so parenting styles can have a positive and a negative effect on a child. Majority of children’s behaviour problems take place during times of change and transition, this is a natural progression of development. Child psychiatrist and educator Rudolph Dreikurs (1897-1972), believed â€Å"that all humans, as social beings, want to belong and be accepted by others. He identified four goals for misbehaviour: attention, power, revenge and display of inadequacy† Colloby et al. (2012, p. 62). With the focal family in Colloby et al. 2012, ch 2) the assistance of Dreikurs four goals for misbehaviour gave Cara a better understanding of both her children. Cara was able to reflect on this information, and was able to take an impartial and objective look at her children’s behaviour and address it. Initially the parenting style both Cara and Alastair were trying to establish with Thomas and Rowanna, had a disciplined approa ch, however, as they lived with Alastair’s mum Diane, she had a soft approach, and this did not help the situation as Diane would give in to their every needs, she adopted more of a permissive style. Children in this situation can get confused and frustrated not knowing which is right and which is wrong. Children require consistency as this can greatly impact on how they grow and develop. As well as the overall parenting style, family’s lives are affected by outside factors, such as changes in a child’s life can also affect behaviour. With the focal family in Colloby et al. (2012, ch 2) the son Thomas’s behaviour since being diagnosed with having a hearing impairment has had a significant effect on the family. Thomas has had to build new relationships and adapt to changes that he is not familiar and comfortable with. With the involvement of professionals Thomas was introduced to a speech and language therapist. In addition to the sessions they carry out together, Cara and Alastair play an important role carrying out further exercise and activity sessions at home. The home sessions became mundane and tedious, and Thomas was getting upset because he no longer wanted to do them. Early learning stages of a child’s life can create an impact on children’s behaviour as Swiss biologist and psychologist Jean Piaget (1896-1980) â€Å"is renowned for his four-stage model of child development that linked children’s behaviour to different stages of development† Colloby et al. (2012, p. 42). Russian psychologist, Vygotsky (1896-1934) â€Å"believed that learning occurs when a child is supported by another person to do what they could not do alone. He called this the ‘zone of proximal development’†. Colloby et al. (2012, p. 43). Whilst I agree with Piaget’s first two stages of cognitive development, the sensori-motor stage, whereby infant’s 0-2years will practice play and be allowed to explore and experience things for themselves, and the pre-operational stage, 2-7years, when a child’s play will replicate their own experiences, and they will see things from their own perspective using their own imagination, I also agree with Vygotsky’s beliefs that children can copy a person and learn from them. Some children can be further developed than others and so a child more conversant in play can assist with another child’s development. Transition in children’s lives can impact on their behaviour when a transition to daycare or school occurs. In Society today it is much more common for both parents to go out to work, Colloby et al. (2012, p47) and so the need for childcare facilities increases. Childcare professionals play an important role in the lives of the twenty-first century family for a number of reasons, Colloby et al. (2012, p. 47). An example of this could be a child possibly needing to attend day-care before they attend school so parent(s) are able to continue with their careers. By accessing the day-care placement, a child would be allocated a key person. The role of the key person is for the child to develop a bond with them so that they will make them feel safe and secure. The choice of parenting style is crucial to a child’s psychological and social development. Baumrind suggested that the majority of parents display one of three different parenting styles, Colloby et al. (2012, p. 70). The chosen style should provide a loving, supporting and disciplined approach to build a healthy and happy child. A parent’s behaviour towards a child can potentially impact significantly on his or her wellbeing. The style is generally based on how they were reared themselves, or, it can be as a result of this that they choose another. It can also be chosen as a result of the society in which they live, their ethnicity or their cultural groups. Word Count 1,079 References Colloby, J. , Collins, J. , Conradie, L. , McKeogh, S. and Shelton, I. (2012) Understanding children and young people, Milton Keynes, The Open University. How to cite Y176 Tma01, Papers

Trauma Informed Care in Mental Health for Physical- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theTrauma Informed Care in Mental Health for Physical. Answer: Introduction Trauma- informed care is essential in effective mental health nursing. Trauma informed care involves the recognizing, understanding, and reacting to trauma. The model of care emphasizes on the emotional, physical, and psychological safety of the patients and the nurses. Further, trauma informed care identifies the physical and emotional issues, disorders, and conditions related to trauma. In this case, nurses who apply this model recognize the many complexities of the effects of trauma and formulate strategies on how to handle them. Having this in mind, the essay will discuss on how trauma informed care guides the provision of mental health nursing. How trauma-informed care helps guide and inform the provision of mental care in Australia at a policy level and for consumers. Understanding Trauma Trauma-informed care has been adopted as an approach to help guide mental health practice in Australia both at a policy and consumer level. First, this approach provides an understanding of trauma to mental care providers and this is important in promoting mental recovery. International evidence has revealed that a trauma-informed care approach provides awareness to mental health about the complexity of childhood, adolescent and adult trauma (Muskett 2014). A wealth of research findings shows that the implications of complex trauma are not only embedded at infancy but throughout an entire life cycle. Trauma-informed care recognizes that trauma is a result of several vulnerabilities and it affects multiple aspects of a victims life over a lifespan (Classenand Clark 2017).A mental health care facility with a trauma-informed care system is competent enough to recognize and attend to consumers who are traumatically affected by any overwhelming experiences. With trauma-informed care, long standing trauma can be treated and its adverse effects intercepted. This system helps to coordinate and integrate recovery-oriented services with other elements of mental-health care when delivering to trauma survivors. A better understanding of trauma dynamics that are prevalent in consumers helps the providers of mental health care to design systems that accommodate the vulnerabilities of trauma survivors (Huckashorn and Lebel 2013). Reducing re-traumatization Additionally, trauma-informed care strives to do no harm by avoiding re-victimizing or re-traumatizing consumers in mental-health. Instead, survivors are taken as unique people who have undergone very difficult situations and managed them to their level best. Trauma-informed care acknowledges that receiving mental health care can be traumatic to consumers. Undergoing involuntary hospital admissions, being scheduled, coercion, force, restraint practices and seclusion, mistreatment by staff can all constitute primary trauma while receiving or accessing mental health services (Isobel and Edwards 2017). Integrating a trauma-informed care approach to mental health services helps in reducing such cases of re-traumatization and re-victimization of consumers. It fosters power sharing and collaboration between the staff and consumers and this gives trauma survivors some sense of control (Wilson, Hutchinson and Hurley 2017). This approach helps to ensure that mental health services are not onl y designed to eradicate symptoms of emotional, sexual or physical abuse, but encourages staff to be sensitive and do no further harm to consumers. It is a model characterized by safety and it emphasizes on skill acquisition and strength-building rather than the exclusive management of symptoms (LeBel and Kelly 2014). Increased positive outcomes Further, the integration of trauma-informed programs and mental health leads to achievement of better outcomes. Various studies and pilot programs have established the fact that the use of a trauma-informed model helps in reducing psychiatric symptoms (Watson, Thorburn, Everett and Fisher 2014). They have shown major improvement in consumers daily functioning, reduction of trauma and mental health symptoms and decrease in hospitalization as well as crisis intervention. Besides these positive patient outcomes, a trauma-informed care approach might have desirable effects on household stability and a decline in the use of crisis-based services (Kelly, Boyd, Valente and Czekanski 2014). Research has also found that consumers tend to be more satisfied when mental health organizations are trauma-informed. Additionally, providers realize desirable outcomes in their facilities since trauma-informed care is cost-effective as it costs less than standard services. They also report greater succe ssful collaboration among stakeholders and greater self-efficacy among consumers. Moreover, supervisors utilizing this approach report that there is improved staff morale coupled with more effective services as well as fewer negative events (Donisch, Bray and Gewirtz 2016). How will this approach influence your mental health nursing practice? This trauma-informed care approach will guide me during my mental health nursing practice. The approach gives me an understanding that traumatic events such as domestic violence, elderly abuse, sexual abuse and combat trauma can have long-term adverse effects on the emotional, physical and emotional well-being of a person. With this, I will be in a better position to support consumers with mental health issues as I uphold the principles of trauma-informed care. For instance, I will ensure that my patients and their family members feel physically and psychologically safe by fostering patient-centered communication. I will refrain from restraint practices, seclusion, coercion or using force on my patients. Instead, I will cultivate trustworthiness and transparency by respecting my patients autonomy and refraining from unnecessary restraining practices, coercion or seclusion. Also, I will uphold collaboration and mutuality by emphasizing that all staff members as well as patients are al l equal and none is superior to the other. Additionally, I will empower my consumers by identifying their individual strengths and using them as a foundation for promoting mental recovery and healing instead of purely focusing on treating their symptoms. I will provide my consumers with choices and opportunities to share in decision-making platforms in order to cultivate a sense of control in them. Besides this, I will engage my consumers in a collaborative and non-judgmental fashion when discussing their health and behavioral changes. I will encourage peer support by identifying people with similar trauma experiences to build trust, create safety, enhance collaboration and promote recovery. Lastly, I will recognize diversity in gender, cultural and historical issues and eliminate biasness and stereotyping. Examples of how this approach is used or could be used Ralphs Case There are various ways that the trauma-informed care approach could be used. In a certain case scenario, Ralph is an unemployed and homeless individual with a persistent mental problem and co-existing conditions. He has been admitted thrice and placed in a Community Treatment Order. His treatment plan entails monthly injections and frequent check-ups at a clozapine clinic that monitors the medications side effects. Furthermore, he is required to attend weekly meetings with his case manager and undergo monthly checks with his psychiatrist. He was checked into crisis accommodation but left a day later. Since then, he has not attended any of his appointments and has lost engagement with his services. Most of the times, Ralph is usually found at soup kitchen, seated at a corner (Bowie 2013). Using a trauma-informed care approach to assist Ralph, one should identify any past or present traumas that he could have possibly encountered. This could point towards instability, poverty, hunger, physical illness, abuse while on the streets, intrusive control in involuntary environments or in his community or trauma in admissions in mental health facilities. If the mental health facility uses a trauma-informed response, it could begin by working with his strengths by identifying how he survived on the streets. It is important to also identify what has happened to him and what he might be needing. If the medical model being used is not working, identify alternatives that are not coercive in engaging Ralph. Also, check the support that matches well with his needs and goals. Further, it is important to identify his social connections and refrain from making assumptions or trivializing places that he feels safe to be (Bowie 2013). This trauma-informed approach is likely to have different effects on Ralphs outcome. First, is safety because he would feel safe in a stable and safe environment? Second, his physical and mental needs will be met by a regime that he agrees with and one that he can manage. Lastly, he will be in a better position to lead a life he desires (Bowie 2013). Aboriginal people case Another example where this approach can be used is when dealing with Aboriginal people who are twice as likely as non-Aboriginal Australians to report high levels of psychological stress (Machtinger, Cuca, Khanna, Rose and Kimberg 2015). To begin with, reflect on the potential effects that family, community and country disconnection could have had on their emotional and social wellbeing. Afterwards, assess how their strong kinship systems and connection to culture can be a protective factor when faced with distress. It is also important to recognize and acknowledge the resilience found among Aboriginal people and the power of their culture when faced by difficulties (Bateman, Henderson and Kezelman 2013). Summary and Conclusion Becoming trauma informed implies that one is able to recognize that other people have different traumas in the cause of their lives. Traumatized people need understanding and support from the people around them. Most times, survivors of trauma can be re- traumatized, therefore, adequate education and information needs to be passed to communities on the impact of traumas and how to avoid it. Thus, understanding the effect of trauma is imperative in becoming supportive to the community. Reference List Bateman, J., Henderson, C. and Kezelman, C., 2013. Trauma-informed care and practice: towards a cultural shift in policy reform across mental health and human services in Australia, a national strategic direction. Position paper, Mental Health Coordinating Council. Bowie, V., 2013. Trauma-informed care. Youth Studies Australia [online] 32(4), p.81. Classen, C. C., and Clark, C.S., 2017. Trauma-informed care. Donisch, K., Bray, C. and Gewirtz, A., 2016. Child welfare, juvenile justice, mental health, and education providers conceptualizations of trauma-informed practice. Child maltreatment, 21(2), pp.125-134. Huckashorn, K. E. V. I. N., and Lebel, J. L. 2013. Trauma-informed care. Modern community mental health work: An interdisciplinary approach, pp. 62-83. Isobel, S. and Edwards, C., 2017. Using trauma-informed care as a nursing model care in an acute inpatient mental health unit: A practice development process. International journal of mental health nursing, 26(1), pp.88-94. Kelly, U., Boyd, M.A., Valente, S. M. and Czekanski, E., 2014. Trauma-informed care: Keeping mental health settings safe for veterans. Issues in mental health nursing, 35(6), pp.413-419. LeBel, J. and Kelly, N., 2014. Trauma-informed care. Residential interventions for children, adolescents, and families. A best practice guide, pp. 78-95. Machtinger, E. L., Cuca, Y.P., Khanna, N., Rose, C.D. and Kimberg, L.S., 2015. From treatment to healing: the promise of trauma-informed primary care. Womens Health Issues, 25(3), pp.193-197. Muskett, C. 2014. Trauma-informed care in inpatient mental health settings: A review of the literature. International journal of mental health nursing, 23(1), pp. 51-59. Watson, S., Thorburn, K., Everett, M. and Fisher, K. R., 2014. Care without coercion-mental health rights, personal recovery and trauma-informed care. Australian Journal of Social Issues, 49(4), pp.529-549. Wilson, A., Hutchinson, M. and Hurley, J., 2017. Literature review of trauma-informed care: Implications for mental health nurses working in acute inpatient settings in Australia. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing.

Depending On The Demand For The Product â€Myassignmenhelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Depending On The Demand For The Product? Answer: Introduction Whos it is a gadget that is very useful for the household these days. Safety and security had always been a matter of concern for most of the households. Sometimes the owners of the house feel unsecured as in if they open the door there might be some stranger or rogue who can tend to be harmful. For this reason, the ABC company has introduced their new gadget whos it. This gadget is an innovative product which will hit the market very soon and will be spread worldwide too, depending on the demand for the product. This will make life easy for the elderly people who are unable to run to the door every time the doorbell rings. The gadget will be provided with other accessories to give full support as required. Other accessories include a remote with a screen and a set of batteries for the remote. There will be a speaker too which will be audible in every nook and corner of the house (Baden-Fuller Haefliger, 2013). Goals and objective The goal of ABC Company is to deliver the best in convenience, quality and value for their customers. They have employed 500 people in two of their stores to manufacture the product. They have also recruited an additional 100 people who will work as suppliers. They have previously gained the trust of their business partners by providing high quality goods and services. The ABC Company has never remained stagnant which is their most interesting part. They always keep on changing their goods and services and try to introduce something innovative every year. They always try to place their operations on technology, demand and choice of the customers. They have done a market survey before introducing their new product with the aim of expanding their market (Bergek et al., 2015). They have tried to respond to the new changes by placing the customers as the first priority in the business, paying attention to their needs and want and create something new and innovative methods for improving the quality of shopping. In the recent years it can be seen that technology has played a big impact on any business. This innovative product has also used technology to its extreme. They have invested in a unique area where nobody has invested before. They have taken a wise decision by investing in such a product that will easily attract the people and will have a high sale with profit. Their first penetration in the market will determine whether their supply will be able to meet with the demand or not (Binz, Truffer Coenen, 2014). Market Analysis Target market The target market for the company will include any one in general because it is not so expensive that people of low income group will not be able to afford it. Still these gadgets will be targeted mainly for those households where elderly people resides or those women who has to live alone or any person who has problem in walking. Market size The ABC Company has invested almost a million dollars for this new and innovative product. This investment can be considered as the highest till date as compared to their previous innovations. This shows that they were determined beforehand only to capture the target group with their new and innovative product (Camisn, Villar-Lpez, 2014). Market growth Previous research and the product details of the company have shown that they are highly competitive and concentrated. They are increasing rapidly to move ahead of their fellow competitors without even giving them a scope to participate in the competition. Market profitability ABC Company can be considered as one of the most important profit- makers in a slow and low cost market. They were fortunate economics that they did not have to struggle with their new products as compared to other companies. They kind of dominated the market when the new product whos it was introduced (Coccia, 2014). Market trend Australia got a special insight in the future of technological market because of the new innovation of the ABC Company. They have painted a picture for other companies as what should be the market of technology in the coming years. Key success factors There are different success factors of the ABC Company such as their dedicated practices which have never ceased to amaze their customers. Their deep experience also counts when it comes to strong sustainability consulting skills. Competitor analysis It can be said that with respect to the innovative product the ABC company did not have such tough competition as they had brought forward such a unique product which none of the companies have thought of before (De Massis, Frattini Lichtenthaler, 2013). Competitor comparison ABC Company had already made a place for them in the market with more than 100 stores spread in Australia. They are trying to expand in other countries too with their new and innovative product. They have started the competition with other companies and very soon they are going to be in the lead. Strategic differences ABC Company has used the strategy of low price with their new product which has made them stand at a distinguishing place than other technological companies. They have kept their prices low which would target more customers and that will help them in expanding their market globally. This strategy has kept them ahead of the competitors because other companies have kept their product price high which made many customers avoid the products (Perez, Popadiuk Cesar, 2017). Marketing plan Marketing plan of ABC Company refers to the fundamental goal of attaining a sustainable competitive advantage and increase in sales. The recent marketing plan has helped them to increase their sales as well as the profit tending to put it at the top of the technological industry. SWOT analysis Strength- Their strength is that they are almost on the leading position which will encourage the ability of the company in gaining an advantage in the competition by means of their strong resources. Weakness- the impact that they might have on the customer can be considered as their weakness. This is because they have only presumed that their new product will affect the sales of the company but they are not sure of that. Opportunities- They have a good potential growth in the Australian technological industry and certain factors like computerization advances in the technical field will be able to change the lifestyle of the customers. Threats- There might be high level of competition in the technological industry worldwide. They can face a challenge in expanding their market throughout the world. Organizational plan ABC Company is a popular brand in the technological sector of the Australian region. Their expertise ranges from different gadgets which are essential in daily lives. The structure of the company needs to be identified before drawing any conclusion about the operation management principle. The principle that the company follows is coordinated contraction where exists a primary contractor. Sub contracts are the given contract for certain jobs in the ABC Company. The sub- contractors are given instructions about the production of various goods. Sometimes ABC can take the responsibility of making the raw materials available and planning and controlling the sub- contractors. The sub- contractors also make the tools and equipment available which are essential for the trade (Kogan et al., 2017). Financial plan Budgeting comes first in financial plan. ABC Company needs to work on identifying and prioritizing the medium which will lead to long term personal goals. They also observe their bills to keep a track on how much are they spending and what can be cut down. They also keep a look on their debts that provide the highest interest rate and do the payment as per the priority. They have created a realistic firm budget to determine their saving capacity compared to the competitors. It is a well- appreciated system of giving rewards after reaching the budget milestones. If they can maintain their financial plan accordingly then it will be not so hard for them to rule the technological industry in Australia and other areas (Sandn, Hekkert Negro, 2017). Conclusion ABC Company is a technological company which benefits people regarding gadgets and other electric appliances. Their target is to bring middle class products in the homes of working class. This technological company targets the both the upper middle-class households and working- class population. They have positioned their product at a low price for shopping benefits of the customers. As this is a safety product therefore they made sure that this should be available and accessible to one and all. They can be regarded as the pioneers to introduce the innovative and unique model whos it. This well- known company operates a number of subsidiaries and has their own store brands. With strong brand name comes, efficient operations. Reference Baden-Fuller, C., Haefliger, S. (2013). Business models and technological innovation.Long range planning,46(6), 419-426. Bergek, A., Hekkert, M., Jacobsson, S., Markard, J., Sandn, B., Truffer, B. (2015). Technological innovation systems in contexts: Conceptualizing contextual structures and interaction dynamics.Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions,16, 51-64. Binz, C., Truffer, B., Coenen, L. (2014). Why space matters in technological innovation systemsMapping global knowledge dynamics of membrane bioreactor technology.Research Policy,43(1), 138-155. Camisn, C., Villar-Lpez, A. (2014). Organizational innovation as an enabler of technological innovation capabilities and firm performance.Journal of business research,67(1), 2891-2902. Camisn, C., Villar-Lpez, A. (2014). Organizational innovation as an enabler of technological innovation capabilities and firm performance.Journal of business research,67(1), 2891-2902. Coccia, M. (2014). Driving forces of technological change: the relation between population growth and technological innovation: analysis of the optimal interaction across countries.Technological Forecasting and Social Change,82, 52-65. De Massis, A., Frattini, F., Lichtenthaler, U. (2013). Research on technological innovation in family firms: Present debates and future directions.Family Business Review,26(1), 10-31. Kogan, L., Papanikolaou, D., Seru, A., Stoffman, N. (2017). Technological innovation, resource allocation, and management.The Quarterly Journal of Economics,132(2), 665-712. Perez, G., Popadiuk, S., Cesar, A. M. R. V. C. (2017). Internal factors that favor the adoption of technological innovation defined by information systems: a study of the electronic health record.RAI Revista de Administrao e Inovao,14(1), 67-78. Sandn, B., Hekkert, M. P., Negro, S. O. (2017). Improving the rigour of the Technological Innovation Systems framework: towards a TIS model.

The scene I have chosen to analyse is act 3 scene 5 this scene is a crucial scene to the play as it adds tension and conflicts throughout the play Essay Example For Students

The scene I have chosen to analyse is act 3 scene 5 this scene is a crucial scene to the play as it adds tension and conflicts throughout the play Essay The scene starts with Romeo leaving for Mantua. As he leaves Lady Capulet enters, she tells Juliet that Capulet has offered her hand in marriage to Paris. Then Capulet walks in with the nurse and reiterates what is wife had said. Juliet refuses to marry Paris and her father bursts out in rage. When the Scene concludes, we see Juliet feel isolated as everyone she has turned to has given her the same advice, marry Paris. The only person who can help her is Friar Laurence. During Shakespeare times, arranged marriages were very common, but as generations developed they found their own love and had to betray there own families. In modern audiences they may be struggling to see this as it is a regular practice to find your own love these days. Shakespeares audience know that it is a mortal sin to attempt marriage when you are already married. Shakespeares audience believe that if you do this you are sure to go to hell. We will write a custom essay on The scene I have chosen to analyse is act 3 scene 5 this scene is a crucial scene to the play as it adds tension and conflicts throughout the play specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This scene is very important to the context of the play because firstly the scene presents division between the older generation and the younger generation. We also learn the tensions between the older generation and the younger generation. We also learn the tensions between the parents and the children. Whats more we notice a dilemma between Juliet and her parents over marriage. He shall not make me there a joyful bride. This quote suggests to us that Parris will not make Juliet happy and it is Romeo she wants to marry. As the play proceeds Juliet shows us her reaction to Tybalts death, she uses it to cover up her emotions for Romeo. Yet let me weep for such a feeling loss. The tension increases as only the audience is aware of what she really means. Her loss is due to Romeos departure. Juliet is defiant and determined not to marry Paris. Her heart belongs to Romeo; she is already married to him. This use of dramatic irony creates suspense within the scene and involves the audience. The outrage by Capulet, her father increases the tension and highlights the disintegration of their relationship. Disobedient wretch! This outrage represents the generational difference and the obvious conflict between parent and child. As the scene draws to an end it shows the lose relationship between the nurse and Juliet and how that disappears. This scene has great significance to the play because it tells us what is going to happen next. We can foresee that Juliet has got to resolve this situation on her own. We find a lot out about the characters in this scene. Juliet shows us love and dedication towards Romeo God pardon him I do with all my heart. This quote is an aide quote it is said to the audience. Although she is pretending to be angry with Romeo we know she still loves him and has asked for his forgiveness. The technique of dramatic irony is used once again to build up tension throughout the scene. The audience anticipate conflict. Lady Capulet seems very concerned towards her daughters well being; she wants the best for her. Marry my child early next Thursday morn. But Lady Capulet finds she is becoming too rebellious she waits for her father to arrive. Here comes your father tell him so yourself; And see how he takes it at your hands. This quote highlights that Capulet will not take her refusal well. He shows the audience the dilemma Juliet is in and we are involved and feel her stress. Capulet is very caring for his daughter and has promised Paris, Juliets hand in marriage. When he hears her refusal, he gets annoyed and upset and then suddenly leashes out on her. We then see a side that we have never seen before. hang thee, young baggage, disobedient wretch! This sudden change in tone is dramatic and here the action of the scene creates fear and suspense in the audience. These insults continue. They are degrading and the word disobedient emphasises the conflict between the father and the daughter. Finally there is the nurse; this scene changes the audiences opinion towards her heavily. She has always seemed to understand Juliets problems and comprehend what matters to her. Only in this scene the nurse and Juliet are having different opinions over Juliets love. Romeo is banished; he dares neer come back I think its best you married the county Her advice comes after Capulets outburst and although it is obvious that the nurse cares, she is worried for Juliets future and urges her to obey her father for peaces sake. After receiving this advice Juliet is upset and disappointed. By the end of the scene she is alone and isolated. .u361a74ac452b34cd36e83ff1a4fd252a , .u361a74ac452b34cd36e83ff1a4fd252a .postImageUrl , .u361a74ac452b34cd36e83ff1a4fd252a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u361a74ac452b34cd36e83ff1a4fd252a , .u361a74ac452b34cd36e83ff1a4fd252a:hover , .u361a74ac452b34cd36e83ff1a4fd252a:visited , .u361a74ac452b34cd36e83ff1a4fd252a:active { border:0!important; } .u361a74ac452b34cd36e83ff1a4fd252a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u361a74ac452b34cd36e83ff1a4fd252a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u361a74ac452b34cd36e83ff1a4fd252a:active , .u361a74ac452b34cd36e83ff1a4fd252a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u361a74ac452b34cd36e83ff1a4fd252a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u361a74ac452b34cd36e83ff1a4fd252a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u361a74ac452b34cd36e83ff1a4fd252a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u361a74ac452b34cd36e83ff1a4fd252a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u361a74ac452b34cd36e83ff1a4fd252a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u361a74ac452b34cd36e83ff1a4fd252a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u361a74ac452b34cd36e83ff1a4fd252a .u361a74ac452b34cd36e83ff1a4fd252a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u361a74ac452b34cd36e83ff1a4fd252a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Dalai Lama and Tibetan Questioner EssayIf all else fail myself have power to die. This quote demonstrates her determination to be with Romeo. It also implies that if she has to die for him to be with him, she will. The setting for these characters and there dilemmas would be in Juliets bedroom with criss-crossed windows to emphasis the fact that she is almost in prison, and gives the impression that she has nowhere to go and no one to turn to. There would be a king size bed in the centre of the room giving the message that there is space for two people and she has to choose between Romeo and Paris. The colours I would add to their bedroom are bright pink with a hint of beige to show its a girls bedroom but to also show innocence. The paintings on the walls would show a girl in a tower being rescued by two people her true love and her arranged partner. This would be a mirror image of what is happening in the play and would add contrast from comic to reality. The character would have to be dressed appropriately to bring the issue of night and day into prospective. The costumes would tell us what time of the day it is, in this case night time. The appropriate clothing for Juliet would be an exquisite Elizabethan flowing dress to show that she is wealthy. Her hair should be long and loose like a shower of rain this being a metaphor of her tears. The nurse should be wearing an outfit to show that she is not one of the family maybe a set uniform, it would be very bright and it would be given to her from Capulet. As the nurse is talking to Juliet she would be brushing her hair. This would highlight her close relationship. I think that there should not be too much activity otherwise the focus of the storyline will get taken away. The nurses shoes should be very simple to show that the family is not spending much money towards her. Lady Capulet will be wearing a nightgown embedded with lots of gold detail and very high class slippers. I think it would be effective for her to be wearing glasses to show that she is very perceptive. Capulet would be wearing pyjamas with very low detail and they would be very dull and dreary to show contrast between himself and the nurse. He will have a lot of hair but a bald patch on the top centre back part of the scalp. My aim is to create as much reality as possible in just the costumes, but not to take the attention of the storyline and language away. There would be a lot facial expressions because they can be very effective and emotive towards the audience. As Romeo leaves for Mantua his expressions should be glum. Farewell, farewell. One kiss and Ill descend. At this point I also think that Romeo should be holding Juliets hand and then lift it up and kiss it. This enhances the audiences view to their love. Capulets anger towards Juliet is a striking moment to this scene. Speak not, reply not, do not answer me. This line is very important to the scene as it is his first step towards his aggression. My fingers itch As he says these lines his face should cringe with anger and disappointment he should also be gnashing his teeth and be pushing Juliet around. This action towards Juliet would show the audience a side tat we have never seen before but always expected. I think the most effective way of continuing this scene is by capturing a close up of Juliet and showing the tears rolling down her face as she says, Fie Fie, what are you mad! As she speaks this I think she should be seen on her knees begging her father not to send her away. Finally the nurse will be very cautious as to what she says to Juliet, I believe that throughout the scene she should be smiling trying to calm the situation down between Capulet and his daughter. God in heaven bless her. If she does this then there is a lot of contrast between herself and Capulet. This sort of action is most likely what makes the audience more anxious I would include a variety of sound effects one of them being a clock chiming this would illustrate to the audience that it is very late. I would then add, crickets croaking to show that there are moments of silence during the scene. There would be some sort of weather sound implement and I would use the wind whooshing to give a chilling effect towards the audience. In the background I would add a beat especially at nerve racking parts where Juliet speaks her monologue. This will show how her hearts pounds and I believe it would evoke the tension in the audience. The camera shots I would employ to add maximum effect for the audience would firstly be a two shot over the shoulder close up on Romeo speaks his important words. .u7a305f7ec94fc3d80f4de821119004d1 , .u7a305f7ec94fc3d80f4de821119004d1 .postImageUrl , .u7a305f7ec94fc3d80f4de821119004d1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7a305f7ec94fc3d80f4de821119004d1 , .u7a305f7ec94fc3d80f4de821119004d1:hover , .u7a305f7ec94fc3d80f4de821119004d1:visited , .u7a305f7ec94fc3d80f4de821119004d1:active { border:0!important; } .u7a305f7ec94fc3d80f4de821119004d1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7a305f7ec94fc3d80f4de821119004d1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7a305f7ec94fc3d80f4de821119004d1:active , .u7a305f7ec94fc3d80f4de821119004d1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7a305f7ec94fc3d80f4de821119004d1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7a305f7ec94fc3d80f4de821119004d1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7a305f7ec94fc3d80f4de821119004d1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7a305f7ec94fc3d80f4de821119004d1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7a305f7ec94fc3d80f4de821119004d1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7a305f7ec94fc3d80f4de821119004d1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7a305f7ec94fc3d80f4de821119004d1 .u7a305f7ec94fc3d80f4de821119004d1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7a305f7ec94fc3d80f4de821119004d1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Three Sisters - monologue from the play by Anton Chekhov EssayFarewell! Loves in my eye so do you The camera would be focused on Juliet so we can see what her expressions would be and vice versa, as the scene progresses when Romeo leaves I would record a high angled long shot to show both Romeos and Juliets expressions for one another, it would also show the entire action-taking place. Dry sorrow drinks our blood. Adieu, adieu! As this line is said each of there expressions would be showing that they are sad because they are going to be parted from each other. The slay continues when Juliet and Lady Capulet are speaking to each other, there should be a medium wide shot this would show how they are reacting to what they say. As Juliets father speaks the line To go with Paris to Saint Peters church! I believe the most effective way of showing his anger in his eyes is to do a big close up of him then the camera should slowly zoom out to record a high angled shot so we can see all of there reactions towards him. When the nurse and Juliet speak to each other, I think the speed of the action should be a lot slower. Romeo is banished. As this quote is spoken a slow motion camera rolling effect should be applied, this would heighten the tension to show the nurse is thinking totally different to what Juliet is thinking. The lighting plays a key part throughout the scene. As Romeo is preparing to leave for Mantua I would put a red spotlight on both Juliet and her lover to illustrate there love for one another. As Romeo walks off the set the red spot will fade of him and a white spot will fade on Juliet and the Nurse as she hastily walks on the set. As Lady Capulet enters I would fade down the spots and brighten up the whole set so it is clearer to see the action. I would use a number of different filters and gels to apply colour and contrast against the scenery. As Capulet walks on, the back main lights should dim and the spot lights should appear on Juliet and Capulet. Disobedient wretch. At this quote there should be a complete blackout and the set should be filled with haze. Then a strobe light should flash to emphasis what is happening in slow motion allowing us to a part of the violence. The strobe should promptly stop when the nurse says her line, God heaven bless her. As this line is spoken the main lights should fade up this will relieve the some of the anxiety from the audience allowing them to take a breath before the next nail biting, nerve wracking scene starts. At the end of the scene I would have a blackout so it is easy for the characters to walk off the set without getting seen. Of course, language is the most effective device because it helps to keep the reality of the play. Since language is central to an understanding of Shakespeares intentions I would keep it Elizabethan. If it were filmed this way, the effect of the scene would be highly dramatic. With these features highlighted, the scene would be significant because it would stress the point that Capulet thinks he knows what upset his daughter, (tybalts death) but he is wrong. Lady Capulet knows as much as her husband (not a lot). Juliet knows about her marriage to Romeo but cannot explain the situation to her parents, although she doesnt know; until they tell her, about there plan to marry Paris. The nurse, at this point knows about Juliets secrets. Throughout the whole scene, Shakespeare carefully makes dramatic use of what people do or do not know. The key dramatic moment by a video camera using the slow motion effect and adding a blue strobe flashing at 10 FPS this would enhance the effect when Capulet starts to push Juliet around. The most significant word is, out on her hilding. Because this tells us that Capulet thinks his daughter is a useless person and we have not seen this verbal abuse from him till this point. In Shakespeares own time there was no lighting effects no special effects or scenery. In those days they based the reality of the play I the acting, facial expressions and the costumes. The impression might have been very different I the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the language may have been the same but the costumes would have been a lot more advanced. The scenery and action would be very different because it would be live on stage and there would be camera shots allowing you to see only the selected parts whereas live on stage you would see the whole thing. In conclusion I think my film version would be a lot easier to understand. I think it would have the same effect on different generations in the modern audience. The scene therefore would be a lot more advanced. Overall, my film version of the scene would be very successful.

Biography of Bill Clinton, the 42nd U.S. President

Biography of Bill Clinton, the 42nd U.S. President Bill Clinton was born on August 19, 1946 in Hope, Arkansas, as William Jefferson Blythe III. His father was a traveling salesman who died in a car accident three months before he was born. His mother remarried when he was four to Roger Clinton. He took the Clinton name in high school. At the time, he was also an excellent student and an accomplished saxophonist. Clinton became ignited to a political career after visiting the Kennedy White House as a Boys Nation delegate. He went on to be a Rhodes Scholar to Oxford University. Family and Early Life Clinton was the son of William Jefferson Blythe, Jr., a traveling Salesman and  Virginia Dell Cassidy, a nurse. His father was killed in an automobile accident just three months before Clinton was born. His mother married  Roger Clinton in 1950. He owned an automobile dealership. Bill would legally change his last name to Clinton in 1962. He had one half-brother, Roger Jr., who Clinton pardoned for earlier crimes during his last days in office. In 1974, Clinton was a first year law professor and ran for the House of Representatives. He was  defeated but remained undaunted and ran for Attorney General of Arkansas unopposed in 1976. He went on to run for Governor of Arkansas in 1978 and won becoming the youngest governor of the state. He was defeated in the 1980 election but returned to office in 1982. Over the next decade in office he established himself as a New Democrat that could appeal to both Republicans and Democrats. Becoming the President In 1992, William Jefferson Clinton was nominated as the Democratic nominee for president. He ran on a campaign that emphasized job creation and played to the idea that he was more in touch with the common people than his opponent, the incumbent George H. W. Bush. Actually, his bid for the presidency was helped by a three party race in which Ross Perot garnered 18.9% of the vote. Bill Clinton won 43% of the vote, and President Bush won 37% of the vote. Events and Accomplishments of Bill Clinton’s Presidency An important protective bill that passed in 1993 soon after taking office was the Family and Medical Leave Act. This act required large employers to give employees time off for illnesses or pregnancy. Another event that occurred in 1993 was the ratification of the North American Free Trade Agreement that allowed for non-restricted trade between Canada, the U.S., Chile, and Mexico. A huge defeat for Clinton was when his and  Hillary Clintons plan for a national health care system  failed. Clintons second term in office was marked by controversy surrounding relationships he had with White House staffer,  Monica Lewinsky. Clinton denied having a relationship with her under oath in a deposition. However, he later recanted when it was revealed that she had evidence of their relationship. He had to pay a fine and was disbarred temporarily. In 1998, the  House of Representatives  voted to impeach Clinton. The Senate, however, did not vote to remove him from office. Economically, the U.S. experienced a period of prosperity during Clintons time in office. The  stock market  rose dramatically. This helped add to his popularity. Post-Presidential Period Upon leaving office President Clinton entered the public speaking circuit. He also remains active in contemporary politics by calling for multilateral solutions to issues facing the world. Clinton has also started working with former rival President George H.W. Bush on several humanitarian endeavors. He also assists his wife in her political aspirations as a Senator from New York. Historical Significance Clinton was the first two term Democratic president since Franklin Roosevelt. In a period of increasingly divided politics, Clinton moved his policies more to the center to appeal to mainstream America. Despite being impeached, he remained a very popular President.

Biography of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow essays

Biography of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow essays Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was born February 27, 1807, in Portland, Maine. He was the son of Stephen Longfellow and Zilpah Wadsworth Longfellow. The lives of the harbor workers and fisherman surrounding him as a boy in the Portland Seaport made him very curious about what exactly goes on. Henry was sent to start his education at the age of three. At the age of 6, his family received a letter from the school concerning Henrys academic ability, it stated, "Master Henry Longfellow is one of the best boys we have in school. He spells and reads very well. He can also add and multiply numbers. His conduct last quarter was very correct and amiable." It was pretty obvious at the start of his education Henry had an unusual talent for recognizing sounds and words. A lot of that is thought to be achieved on behalf of Henrys mother, who read to his brothers and sisters and him, the high romance of Ossian, the heroic Gaelic. Washington Irving's 'Sketch Book' has said to have influenced Henry the most. A quote from Henry later on in life states, "Every reader has his first book. I mean to say, one book among all others which in early youth first fascinates his imagination, and at once excites and satisfies the desires of his mind. To me, the first book was the 'Sketch Book' of Washington Irving." After graduating from Bowdoin College at the age of 19, Longfellow set out on a trip to study and travel around the world. He had been asked by the college to become the first professor of modern languages and was given time to travel. He returned to the US in 1829. At age 22, he became a college professor. In 1831, he married Mary Storer Potter, a peer of his he had known throughout his school career. He was asked by Harvard to come teach there and set out for Europe to study. His wife came along with him but died in Rotterdam. He moved to Cambridge and started his new job at Harvard alone. He worked diligently after his wife&a...

pollock essays

pollock essays Jackson Pollock was a trailblazing painter. He was also an alcoholic, a manic-depressive and completely out of control. Truth of the matter is, though, there are a lot of brilliant, self-destructive people in the world. What the movie Pollock has to do... and ultimately fails to do... is make us believe there is a reason that we should be more interested in him than all the other brilliant self-destructive people in the world. Yes, his painting was revolutionary, but we can see that in a museum, why should we have to sit through this movie? Pollock doesnt even have faith in its source material. Other characters are constantly telling him (and by extension, the audience) how brilliant and revolutionary his art was when the paintings themselves should do the talking. Ed Harris (who also directed) does an incredible job of portraying Pollock, but in the end Jackson Pollock was an unlikable, selfish, chronically insecure man which makes it real tough to care about the centerpiece of your story. Marcia Gay Harden also does well with the essentially thankless role of his wife Lee Krasner, another artist who gave up her career to manage his, and to put up with his whims and foul moods. Fine performances by the likes of Jennifer Connelly, Jeffrey Tambor, Stephanie Seymour and Amy Madigan are also pretty much wasted, all they really get to do is stroke Pollocks ego, then look away in embarrassment when he flies off the handle and does something anti-social. Jackson Pollocks art may have been unique, but his life story seems to have been pretty standard fare. (12/00) ...

Estimate vs. Guess

Estimate vs. Guess Estimate vs. Guess Estimate vs. Guess By Mark Nichol What’s the difference between estimate and guess? The distinction between the two words is one of the degree of care taken in arriving at a conclusion. Estimate is from the Latin word aestimare, meaning â€Å"to value.† That term is also the origin of estimable, which means â€Å"capable of being estimated† or â€Å"worthy of esteem† (but is more often used in the latter sense), and of esteem, which means â€Å"regard† (and is usually associated with high regard). To estimate is to judge the extent, nature, or value of something, with the implication that the result is based on expertise or familiarity. An estimate is the resulting calculation or judgment. (A related term is approximation, meaning â€Å"close or near.†) Bridging the gap between a guess and an estimate is an educated guess, a more casual estimate. An idiomatic term for this type of middle-ground conclusion is â€Å"ballpark figure.† The origin of this American English idiom, which alludes to a baseball stadium, is not certain, but one conclusion is that it is related to â€Å"in the ballpark,† meaning â€Å"close† in the sense that one at such a location may not be in a precise location but is in the stadium. To guess is to believe or suppose, to form an opinion based on little or no evidence, or to be correct by chance or conjecture. A guess is a thought or idea arrived at by one of these methods. Synonyms for guess include conjecture and surmise, which like guess can be employed both as verbs and as nouns. One might also have a hunch or an intuition, or may engage in guesswork or speculation. â€Å"Dead reckoning† means the same thing as guesswork, though it originally referred to navigation based on reliable information. Near synonyms describing thoughts or ideas developed with more rigor include hypothesis and supposition, as well as theory and thesis. In summary, a guess is a casual, perhaps spontaneous conclusion, whereas an estimate is based on some thought and/or data. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Handy Expressions About Hands80 Idioms with the Word TimeList of Prefixes and Suffixes and their Meanings

Sex and Desire in Contemporary China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Sex and Desire in Contemporary China - Essay Example China is undergoing a complex evolution process in which modernization is significantly affecting the way the Chinese community interacts sexually. The rapid change in the economy and culture has altered the sexual relationships and desires in the society. This paper will critically analyze the changes on sex and desire during the reign of Mao Zedong and the contemporary society. Today, China has undergone various changes on their views on extramarital affairs. Adultery and behaviors associated with adultery were termed as byproducts of capitalism. However, adultery was only recognized as an offense when it was practiced by the woman (Sheridan 15). Mao Zedong was married to many wives; yet he routinely abused young girls from the peasant family. However, he recommended for severe punishment for any person who was caught practicing adultery. In the contemporary society, the globalization of the economy has led to the post-revolution sex liberation where the moral value of sexual relat ionship has been eroded. This means that the society has confusedly encoded the morals of sex and desires into the rapidly changing social and market economies of the country. Mao Zedong is known to have advocated for the rights of women in the Chinese society. However, he is known to have sexually abused many peasant girls during his rule (Bullough 34). According to his physician, Li Zhisui, Mao is known to have infected many peasant girls with various venereal diseases. Mao’s sexual desires were insatiable, and he is said to have sexually abused many young girls despite his polygamous marriage. This significantly promoted sexual immorality in the society. The men in the Chinese society sexually abuse the young girls in the society. However, today women have their rights in various issues including sexual matters. The contemporary society advocates for sexual satisfaction among the women. Furthermore, the law provides for the punishment of the sex offenders in the society. D uring the Imperial era, the woman was expected to be submissive and obedient to their fathers, elder brothers, husband and sons following the husband’s death. During Mao’s communist era, there was liberation and revolution of the role of the woman in the society (Bullough 12). In 1950, the Marriage Law was enacted by the People’s Republic of China (RPC). However, the law was not followed, and the role of women during this time was similar to that of the traditional Chinese society. Mao’s behavior and attitude towards women also contributed to the failure of this law. In the contemporary society, the society recognizes equal rights for both sexes. In addition, the law protects the interest of the woman in the society. During the time of Mao Zedong, same sex relationships were abolished and discouraged in the society. Mao, a communist who advocated for Marxist principle, termed homosexuality as products capitalism (Ruan 30). Homosexuals and lesbians were ex communicated from the communalist community due to their sexual preferences. In 1997, homosexuality was accepted in the society. In addition, since 2002 it is no longer recognized as a mental disorder. In the Chinese government, various officials, for example, Li Yinhe, is a supporter of the lesbian, transgender, gay and bisexual people in the society (Evans 56). Since 2003, the modern day Chinese government has proposed

Critical Analysis Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Critical Analysis Paper - Assignment Example Many of the major poles in this newly emerging multi-polar world will not be single nations, but rather clumps of nations who will exert a significant say as to how the new world order need to be contrived. In such a scenario the ubiquitous West is expected to lose its grip over the world economy and politics. In a more pragmatic sense the so called ubiquitous ‘Western Liberal Democracy’ is losing its charm as the history is set to evince major corrections over the next five years. The other remarkable thing that one would discern in the world politics will be the augmenting role of the non-state actors in the configuration of international relations and in the shaping of local and international political setups. The multinational corporations whose domains extend beyond the borders of the nations they ascribe to are poised to adhere to potent corporate foreign policies that are bound to configure and shape international relations in a variety of ways. The power of the international intergovernmental institutions and powers like the European Union and nongovernmental organizations like the international financial institutions are set to play a major role in the international polity and economy over the next five years. The nation states will stand vulnerable to the agenda of these intergovernmental and nongovernmental organizations and institutions. In the next five years the policy frameworks and governance agendas of the non-state actors will gain much prece dence amongst the developed and developing nations as the framework of these non-state actors are expected to become more inclusive and democratic. For example say the emergence of the international credit rating agencies and the influence that their predictions have on the flow of capital in the international markets is one way one could grasp the emerging power of the non-state actors. In the years to come, the important question will not as to how to dilute and diminish the role

Management Restructuring Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Management Restructuring - Assignment Example The development stages discussed in the case represent restructuring in many areas such as communication and customer management. The basic aim of the restructuring is to increase competence as the overall environment is very agile and firms need to compete at the max level is order to attain their position in the market or industry. The design tactics discussed herein are mostly related to competency based planning for the replacement of the management. The knowledge base is to be kept for future assistance and this is why knowledge management is gaining popularity in the current context. Knowledge is the most precious asset a firm has and it will try to keep it at almost every cost. The core competency driving forces assumed are The case also highlights the importance of feedback that is vital for the expansion/continuity of the business. The technique being focused over here is the dominant 360 feedback technique in which all can evaluate each other. Next discussion is about the communication within the organization. Communication is regarded as an important role player within the system and clear n concrete communication is all that is required for success. The communication process is to be designed in a more attractive fashion, unlike from the same routine based system. The system development is to be focused on the point that the candidates involved should be able to show their extent of interest in follow

Contemporary Issues in Judaism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Contemporary Issues in Judaism - Research Paper Example The first practice among Jews that often invites criticism is circumcision. According to Jewish tradition, circumcision is the mark of a covenant between man and God. Circumcision is conducted on the eighth day of a baby, and is preformed by a mohel. Usually, the mohel visits the baby one or two days before the ceremony and verifies that the child is fit for circumcision. Through the circumcision, the foreskin of the penis is removed so that the entire glans and corona are exposed. While the traditionalists believe that there is no issue in continuing with the practice of circumcision, there are people like Dr. Peter Ball (n. d.) who believe that the practice is both unwanted and barbaric. There are umpteen numbers of reasons put forward by scholars to show that circumcision has its own disadvantages. Firstly, it leads to increased intolerance to clothing as the glans, when unprotected, is highly sensitive. In addition, too much rubbing against clothing results in the glans’ l osing sensation. As a result, it leads to less sexual satisfaction. Moreover, studies have proved that circumcision can make people feel mutilated, incomplete, and hence depressed. Despite all the points, the advocates of circumcision point towards the fact that many peoples in the world including many Africans, Christians and Muslims practice circumcision. In addition, they claim that circumcision is a happy occasion as it is the time of making a new covenant with God. Yet another issue that deserves attention is the relation between feminism and Judaism. It is generally claimed that Judaism promotes feminism. This is so because the feminist movements often have a large number of activists from Jews. According to one feminist (Thalia, 24 May 2011) who is a Jew, the holy text Torah teaches people to accord the same respect to all people. An example provided is the building of the Tabernale. In Exodus 35:1, it is read: â€Å"Moses assembled the entire assembly of the Children of Isr ael†, and evidently, there was no differentiation between males and females. Though the traditionalists do not allow women to serve as actual rabbi in orthodox synagogues, there are women who claim to be the leaders of Jews, and recently, Sara Hurwitz was ordained as ‘rabba’- the feminine gender of ‘rabbi’. Admittedly, a look into the Jew principles proves that Jewish ideology promotes the wholeness of a human being and not a role change. In fact, according to Scholars, Judaism believes in being a part of the society while remaining unique, in being a part of a community while maintaining ones own individuality, and in being a part of the world while also being a woman. This understanding of wholeness in ones personality is the reason why many people claim that Jewish women are feminists. However, what happens in today’s world in the name of feminism is actually ‘careerism’. In other words, it is the struggle to give up womenâ€⠄¢s traditional roles and the effort to appropriate men’s roles. Thus, as Heller (2008) points out, the wholeness of personality as taught by Torah is different from the feminism as seen in today’s world. Another issue, abortion, is a matter serious dispute within the Jewish community even now. In order to see if Judaism allows abortion, one should see how Judaism treats a fetus. According to Eisenberg (2004), ‘chalacha’ (Jewish law) considers a fetus as a full-fledged human being. So, one can conclude that destroying a fetus amounts to murder. In addition is the proof that Torah suggests punishment for purposefully causing a woman to miscarry. However, there are people who argue

Issues Relating To the Management of People in Multinational Essay - 2

Issues Relating To the Management of People in Multinational Enterprises - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that in the multinational enterprise, managers are often expatriates that come from a home country to a foreign nation to guide and control the business. When this occurs, there is often a culture clash between foreign workers and the expatriate manager especially when their values and attitudes are very different. Also in the multinational enterprise, there are existing organizational cultures that have set norms which are often different from those of foreign management. This makes it hard to align organizational objectives with satisfying employee needs in a way that is productive and effective. Wal-Mart is a major multinational firm. It currently operates in the UK, the United States, China and approximately ten other nations. It is common for Wal-Mart managers to be recruited as expatriates when the business acquires other retailers in a foreign country or when foreign direct investment (FDI) is a good market entry strategy. Wal-Mart, in the UK and United States, has built a solid organizational culture where all members operate as a team. It is a type of family structure where employees are rewarded for their efforts and given bonuses for achieving organizational goals. This is known as management-by-objectives which is a transactional leadership style. Antonakis, Avolio, and Sivasubramaniam call this style the process of setting desired performance targets and then giving rewards for employees that meet these goals. When Wal-Mart entered the Canadian market, the organization tried to build a similar, family-style organizational culture that works rather well in the UK and the United States. However, the firm’s HR leaders realized very quickly that Canadian work culture was very different from these countries. Canadian workers and consumers are very conservative socially.

Criminal Investigations Essay Example for Free

Criminal Investigations Essay 1.The methods of inquiry is divided into 2 distinct categories. One category is archeologist, historian, journalist, epidemiologist, and criminal investigator. The second category is scientist in general including artist. Fusing these categories together allows the reconstruction of the past. Methods of inquiry use techniques common to both science and art. During an investigation is it important to figure out what took place before the crime was committed to give the police a better understanding of where it took place, why it took place, how it took place and all the events that lead up to the crime. Osterburg, J. W. Ward, R. H. (2010). Criminal investigation, A method for reconstructing the past (6th ed.) 2.The optimal mindset of an investigator should be open minded and investigative. It is manifested by going into a scene looking at scene from all angles not by having it in your head it was done one way and there is no other possibility. The investigative mindset comes from experiencing it hands on or by practicing. Some people are born with this mindset. An investigative mind gives us the ability to see what a naked eye wouldn’t. It also allows us to see evidence others may not think would be related to the scene. With both mindsets we come in with the questions of who, what, why, when, where? Osterburg, J. W. Ward, R. H. (2010). Criminal investigation, A method for reconstructing the past (6th ed.) 3. Scientific method is observing, thinking about and solving problems. Investigators will use these methods throughout the entire investigation. Once the investigator arrives on scene they will make note of what they see in regards to bullets, tools, impressions, motive, blood spatter, and how it compares to other unsolved crimes. The investigator will use observation and thinking about the scene to lead him to solve the crime. These methods will also lead to catching the perpetrator. A reason may even be drawn to conclude as to the cause of the crime. Osterburg, J. W. Ward, R. H. (2010). Criminal investigation, A method for reconstructing the past (6th ed.) 4. The primary sources are used to reconstruct the past and the events leading up to the crime. The sources are records, physical evidence, and people. The people may be victims or eyewitnesses of the crime. The records would be use of stolen credit cards, forged checks, or ransom notes. The physical evidence would be shoe impressions, tool impressions, if barefoot it would be foot impressions, fingerprints, fibers or hair. People can be of value as well. They may know a wealth of information as to who committed the crime, the location of the perpetrator. They may be able to lead you to a person of interest. If nothing else the can give you valuable evidence such as a description. Osterburg, J. W. Ward, R. H. (2010). Criminal investigation, A method for reconstructing the past (6th ed.)

The Industrialised Building System

The Industrialised Building System This chapter will explain in details and provide the literature review of Industrialised Building System (IBS). Besides that, it will also cover the literature review of building system. Usually, the contents of this chapter are including definitions of IBS, history of IBS in public housing, types of IBS, benefits and barriers of using IBS in public housing, classification of IBS, characteristic of IBS, IBS Roadmap 2003-2010 and IBS scoring system. 2.1 Definitions of IBS Until the present time there has been no single commonly-approved definition of IBS. IBS can be different industry players to define different things. However, there are difference resources to define the several definitions that reflected the concept of IBS which widely accepted by the construction industry. According to CIDB Malaysia (2001) defines IBS as a construction technique in which components are manufactured in a controlled environment (on or off site), transported, positioned and assembled into a structure with minimal additional site works. As such, components that are being prefabricated in a controlled environment on site are also considered as IBS. While there are numerous descriptions of the IBS concept by local researchers, all of the definitions stressed on prefabrication and mass production. In other definition by Warswaski (1999), the IBS can be defined in which all building such as walls, slabs, beams, columns and staircases are mass produced either in factory or at site factory under strict quality control and minimal wet site activities. Industrialisation process is an investment in equipment, facilities and technology with the objective of maximising production output, minimizing labour resource and improving quality while a building system is defined as a set 10 of interconnected element that joint together to enable the designated performance of a building. Based on Lessing et al (2005) explained IBS as an integrated manufacturing and construction process with well planned organization for efficient management, preparation and control over resources used, activities and results supported by the used of highly developed components. Rahman et al (2006) defined IBS as a construction system that is built using pre-fabricated components. The manufacturing of the components is systematically done using machine, formworks and other forms of mechanical equipment. The components are manufactured offsite and once completed will be delivered to construction sites for assembly and erection. 2.2 History of IBS in public housing IBS in Malaysia has began in early 1960s when Ministry of Housing and Local Government of Malaysia visited several European countries, at the same time evaluates their housing development program. (Thanoon et al, 2003). In the year 1964 and after their successful visit, the Government had launched pilot project on using IBS to speed up the delivery time and built affordable and quality houses. The first pilot project was constructed at Jalan Pekeliling in Kuala Lumpur and about 22.7 acres of land was dedicated to the project comprising four blocks of 4-storey flats and seven blocks of 17-storey flats and comprising total about 3,000 units of low cost flats for the low and median income group and 40 units of shop lots. This public housing project was undertaken by Gammon/ Larsen Nielsen and this project are using the Danish System of large panels in a industrialised prefabricated system. The construction for public housing project was complete from 1966 until 1968 (around total 27 months) including the time taken in the construction of the around RM 2.5 million casting yard at Jalan Damansara (Thanoon et al, 2003). In 1965, the Government of Malaysia launched a second project, is a three blocks of 18-storey flats and six blocks of 17-storey flats and comprising total about 3,699 units and 66 units of shop lots along at Jalan Rifle Range in Penang. The public housing project was awarded to Hochtief/ Chee Seng and this project are using French Estoit System (Din, 1984). This public housing project was complete within 27 months. If we are reference to the two pilot projects, a performance comparison between the IBS and the conventional system has been carried in terms of cost, productivity, quality, and time. According to the research, the first pilot project incurred 8.1% higher costs than a similar building and using conventional construction method, while the second pilot project was lower. In term of total construction speed, both of the public housing project required total 27 months to complete the whole project, inclusive of time required to set up the recasting factories. The total quality of building finishes was also found to be better than the using conventional construction method. Another earliest using IBS in public housing project was at Taman Tun Sardon in Penang. These using IBS in public housing project total all about 1,000 units of 5-storey walk up flat and this project are using IBS precast component and system. The IBS precast component and system in the housing project was designed to the low cost housing by British Research Establishment and especially for the low and median income group. According to the research of Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia (CIDB) 2006, almost at the same time at Edmonton in North London, there are using similar system was constructed and total amount about 20,000 BRECAST dwellings were constructed throughout UK from 1964 until 1974. The total all building design was very basic and quite simple and not considering the aspect of serviceability such as the local or user needs to have wet toilet and bathroom (Rahman and Omar, 2006). According to the CIDB (2006), many constructions in the following years using precast wall panel system. Low cost high rise residential building is one of the processes to observe that IBS was engage at first place in the construction to overcome the increasing demand for public housing needs. For all that, in the earlier stage was never sustained for the industrialisation of construction. Failure of early closed fabricated system made the industry afraid of changing their construction method. The information was based on the CIDB (2005), using IBS in construction were also found not be so suitable with Malaysia climate and social practices especially for the foreign systems that were introduced during the late 60s and 70s. Introduced than in the market were constantly being newer and better technologies. Based on CIDB (2005), identified to be more suitable to be used in our tropical climate is the wet joint systems and it was also better to using in the bathroom types which were relatively wetter than those in the Europe. Another about 1200 units of housing using prefabrication technology were is launched by the Penang State Government in 1978. After two years later, the Ministry of Defense to be build around 2800 units of living quarters and adopted large prefabricated panel construction system in Lumut Naval Base (Trikha and Ali, 2004). Increase the using of precast concrete system in high rise residential building during the 90s; this is because total demand for the new township has seen to increase. According to the research, Perbadaan Kemajuan Negari Selangor (PKNS) as a state Government development agency acquired precast concrete technology from Praton Haus International based on Germany to build low cost houses and high cost bungalows between 1981 and 1993 for the new townships in Selangor (Hassim et al, 2009 and National IBS Survey, 2003). It was recorded then; total around 52,000 housing units was constructed and using Praton Haus system. In this booming period of Malaysia construction 1994 to 1997, hybrid IBS application used in many national iconic landmarks such as Petronas Twin Towers (steel beams and steel decking for the floor system). In Malaysian construction industry, the use of IBS as a method of construction is evolving. Nowadays, more local manufacturers have established themselves in the market. Many had acquired enough knowledge through technology transfer to build up own capacity in IBS technologies and this research are base on PKNS Engineering, and Setia Precast and Global Globe. The current stage of IBS used in Malaysia housing projects can be classified into four categories such as large panel systems, steel frame, precast frame and formwork system. It was reported that at least 21 manufactures and suppliers of IBS are actively promoting their systems in Malaysia. IBS move to the next step of the development through the establishment of IBS Centre at Jalan Chan Sow Lin, Cheras in Kuala Lumpur. Using IBS in the construction is to improve the total performance and quality in construction, as well as to minimize the unskilled foreign labour in the construction market. 2.3 Classification of Building System There are four types of building system currently available in Malaysias building system classification and this are according to Badir Razali (1998). The building system can be namely as a Conventional Column-beam- slab frame system with timber and plywood; Cast in-situ system with steel or aluminium as formwork; the Composite building system and Prefabricated system and this four types of building system is shown as below. Each building system is represented by its respective construction method which is further characterised by its construction technology, functional and geometrical configuration. There from the four systems, are identified as IBS excluding conventional building system. Building System Conventional Column-beam- slab frame system with timber and plywood. Cast in-situ system with steel or aluminium as formwork. Composite building system Prefabricated system Table Form Tunnel Form Panel system Frame system Box system Flow Chart 1: Type of building system in Malaysia. 2.3.1 Conventional Construction Method Conventional construction method is defined as components of the building that are prefabricated on site through the processes of timber or plywood formwork installation, steel reinforcement, and cast in-situ. This construction method is mostly built of reinforced concrete frames for conventional building. Using the wooden formwork mainly is for the traditional construction method and need take some time to construct the formwork before concreting. This construction method is much more costly for construction which is need includes total labour requirement, raw material, transportation and very importance once is low speed of construction. 2.3.2 Cast In-Situ Construction Method This cast in-situ construction method is more suitable for a country where the unskilled labour is limited. There construction method is not a using heavy machinery or high technology involved. The system is technically and applicable to almost all types of building design. The formwork is used as a mould where wet concrete is poured into a temporary system. The temporary system also acts as a temporary support for the structures. The main objective of a cast in-situ construction method is to weed out and reduce the using traditional site-based trades like traditional timber formwork, brickwork, plastering and to reduce foreign workers requirement. A carefully planned in-situ work can maximise the productivity, speed and accuracy of prefabricated construction. Cast in-situ method uses lightweight prefabricated formwork made of steel or fibreglass or aluminium that is easily erected and dismantled. The steel reinforcement is placed within the formwork after finishes construct the formwork. After placing the reinforcement they are being erected and concrete is poured into the mould. When the concrete is set and according to the required strength, the moulds are dismantled. The workers can be easily trained to erect the moulds and set the steel reinforcement. These construction methods are required limited labour and it will reduce the total labour need. Its advantages over the conventional construction method in clude, low skill requirement, speedy construction, low building maintenance, durable structure and less construction cost. 2.3.3 Composite Construction Method The main objectives of composite construction method or call partially prefabricated are to improve quality of components, reduce construction cost, and shorten total all construction time. It is used to describe a manufacturing or production strategy that selectively uses some industrialising aspects, while avoiding or postponing the use of others. The concept of composite construction method is derived from the composite nature of full industrialisation. The prefabricated construction method is combined in such a manner that the features applied could be prominently demonstrated, especially composing various works such as temporary facilities, building frames, building finishes, and equipments. 2.3.4 Prefabricated Construction Method In this prefabricated construction method, all structural elements can be standardised are prefabricated in the factory. Usually, this construction method would involve the assembly of precast elements such as floor slabs, in-filled walls, bathrooms, staircases, and etc. into place for incorporation into the main units, columns and beams. This method of construction will increase the productivity of the industry and it will reduce the amount of site labour involved in building operations. Precast building systems can overall reduce the duration of a project if certain conditions are met. The last three construction methods (from the flow chart 1) are considered as a non conventional construction methods. These types of construction are specifically aimed at increasing performance of construction. Through the use of better construction machinery, equipment, technology and materials and it will increase the productivity and total quality of work. 2.4 Classification of IBS and Apply to Public Housing According to Badir et al. (1998), IBS can be classified according to several aspects:- Classification according to structural system. Classification according to material. Classification according to relative weight of components. 2.4.1 Classification According to Structural System According to Abraham Warszawski (1999), IBS can be classified according structural systematic aspects. IBS can be classifies into three categories as:- Frame System. Panel system. Boxes system. Figure 1, 2, and 3 shows the concept of the system as classified above. Figure 2: Panel System Figure 3: Box System Figure : Frame System 2.4.1.1 Frame System According to Badir (1998), linear and frame system is system that use main structure such as column and beam where columns and beams support all the building weight. The walls need to be light and easy to install and concrete panels are introduces as flooring element. 2.4.1.2 Panel System According to Badir (1998), in panel system, loads are distributed through large floor and wall panels where walls support the building weight. This system is applicable to buildings which functionally require a large number of walls such as apartment house, hotel and hospital. This system is not applicable to buildings with large spans or many stories. 2.4.1.3 Box System According to Badir (1998), the rectangular or three dimensional systems or boxes system include those systems that employ three dimensional modules or boxes for fabrication of habitable units that is capable of withstanding load from various directions due to their internal stability. 2.4.2 Classification According to Material 2.4.2.1 Timber The timber have a two types of prefabrication which is ready-cut plus shop fabrication of joints this mostly for the columns and beams and another is structural panels where there are only for walls and floors without columns and beams. 2.4.2.2 Brick and Block work Laying of brick or block work are carried out in a mass at factory and transported to site or on site construction. Besides the, building are under construction in the form of panel and then erected. 2.4.2.3 Steel Steel construction essentially contains factors of prefabrication which is one of the criteria of IBS. Elements are jointed by welding, riveting or bolting on site. The large proportion of the strength to the weight allows a long-span or high-rise building. 2.4.2.4 Reinforced Concrete There are two basic directions in development of reinforced concrete IBS component which is panelised components such as walls and floors and precast frame members such as columns and beams. The characteristic of reinforced concrete has high degree of availability, low material cost, durability, and fire resistance. Jointing at site is the key issue of this system. 2.4.3 Classification According to Relative Weight of Component The IBS components can be classified according to their relative weight as show in Table 1 below. Relative to weight of component should be used as a basic for building classification due to the factor of weight has significant impact on the transportability of components and has influence on the production method of the components and their erection method on site. No General System System Production Material 1 Frame System Light weight frame Wood, light gage metals Medium light weight frame Metal, reinforced plastics, laminated wood Heavy weight frame Heavy steel, concrete 2 Panel system Light and medium weight panel Wood frame, metal frame and composite material Heavy weight panel (factory produced) Concrete Heavy weight panel (tilt up-produced on site) Concrete 3 Box system (modules) Medium weight box (mobile) Wood frame, light gage metal, composite Medium weight box (sectional) Wood frame, light gage metal, composite Heavy weight box (factory produced) Concrete Heavy box (tunnel produced on site) Concrete Table 1: Building system classification according to relative weight of component. (Majzub, 1977) According to CIDB (2003), the IBS is a construction process that using techniques, products, components, or building system which involve prefabricated components and on-site installation. Base on the structure aspects of the system, IBS can be identified into five major groups:- Precast Concrete Framing, Panel and Box Systems Precast concrete elements are the most common type in this area. There are precast concrete for columns, beams, slabs, walls, lightweight precast concrete, and permanent concrete formwork. This all item are consider using precast method. Besides that, it is also consist of 3D components such as balconies, staircases, toilets, lift chamber, refuse chambers and etc. This precast method is more famous for the construction industry, especially for the public housing when construct using the IBS. Using this method can saving the total construction time if compare to the using conventional method. Figure 4: Precast concrete wall Steel Formwork Systems This is the system formwork which designed by manufacturer to replace a conventional timber formwork. It can be described as a mould which the wet concrete can be poured into the mould and form the required shape. These steel formworks systems are subjected to structural quality control and generally involve site casting. So, this type of IBS method is considered as the low level or least prefabrication in the construction industry. However, this steel formwork systems does offer fast construction and construction time saving and at the same time will provide high quality of finishes with less site labour and material requirement. These steel formwork systems will include table forms, tunnel forms, tilt-up systems, beam and columns moulding forms and permanent steel formworks like metal decks and etc. This steel formwork system also one of the famous system used by the contractor during the construction. Figure 5: Steel formwork system Steel Framing Systems These steel framing systems have always been the popular choice and used extensively in the fast track construction projects and this system commonly used with precast concrete slabs, steel columns and beams. Current stage of development in this type of IBS includes the increased usage of light steel trusses. It is consisting of cost-effective profiled cold-formed channels and steel portal frame systems as alternatives to the heavier traditional hot-rolled sections. Nowadays, this method are more useful for the housing project, especially apply for the steel roof trusses (show as below figure 6). This is because the timber roof trusses need the labour to take some time to construct it and lastly need the anti-termite for the timber roof trusses. Figure 6: Steel roof trusses Prefabricated Timber Framing Systems. These prefabricated timber framing systems is using the timber in the construction industry for construct building. Usually the timber framing system are consists of timber building frames and timber roof trusses (show as below figure 7). While the steel framing systems have been the more popular choice on construction industry, but the timber roof truss system also have its own market where it is offering interesting designs from simple dwelling units to buildings requiring high aesthetical values such as chalets for resorts. This prefabricated timber framing system we can see in the traditional building. Figure 7: Prefabricated timber framing system for double storey house Block Work Systems. By using this effective alternative system, the tedious and time-consuming traditional brick laying tasks are greatly simplified. The construction method of using conventional bricks has been revolutionized by the development and usage of interlocking concrete masonry units (CMU) and lightweight concrete blocks and etc. This is one of the more useful methods to construct the low cost public housing project. Figure 8: Lightweight concrete blocks are used for wall construction Characteristics of IBS for public housing According to Warszawski (1999), the main features of an IBS are as follows:- As many of the building elements are prefabricated off site, at a central facility, where specialized equipment and organization can be established for this purpose. The various building works are incorporated into large prefabricated assemblies with minimum erection, jointing and finishing work onsite. Materials and component handling onsite is extensively mechanized; in concrete work, large standard steel forms, ready-mixed concrete, and concrete pumps are used. Design, production, and erection onsite are strongly interrelated. They must be viewed therefore as parts of an integrated process which has to be planned and coordinated accordingly. According to CIDB (2001), IBS has its own characteristics which are differ itself from conventional method. There characteristics of IBS are as follows:- Industrial production of components though prefabrication; or highly mechanized in situ processes. Reduced labour during prefabrication of components and site works. Modern design and manufacturing methods which has the involvement of Computer Aided Design (CAD) and Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM). Systematic Quality Control such as ISO 9000 principles. Open Building concept where it is permitting hybrid applications, adaptable to standardization and Modular Coordination (MC). Advantages of IBS for public housing There are many advantages of implementing IBS. According to CIDB (2003), compares to conventional construction method. Following are brief descriptions on a number of advantages where using IBS for the public housing:- Advantages Description Less total construction time. Using IBS will making the construction process faster. Because casting of precast element at factory and foundation work at site can occur simultaneously and work at site is only the erection of IBS components. So, the project can complete much earlier that using conventional method and handover to the owners. Cost saving. Faster to the turnover of working capital and also save in the lifecycle costs of the finished buildings. The formwork of IBS components are made of steel, aluminums or other materials that allows for repetitive use and this leads to considerable cost savings. Using IBS will reduce the construction wastage and increasing the cost saving. Saving in labour. Because the IBS components are produced in factory and higher degree of using machine so the use of labour will be reduced and lead to saving in labour cost. According to Abraham Warszawski (1999), the labour savings in prefabricated elements may amount to about 80% of their conventional requirement. So, will reduced the total foreign workers need in the construction industry. Less labour at site. Using IBS will reduce the construction process at site and consequently reduce the number of labour required at site. Using the IBS will saving of the labour in the masonry, plastering, formwork, tiling and pipe laying such as electrical and water supply at site. Optimised use of materials. Using machine during the production of IBS components lead to higher degree of precision and accuracy in the production and consequently reduce material wastage. So, the wastage at site will be reduced if using the IBS. High quality and better finishes. Quality control is an ever-increasing requirement in all construction. Due to the careful selection of materials and use advanced technology, so the IBS components will provide higher quality and better finishes. Better quality control since production in factory is under sheltered environment. Better quality will reduce the maintenance expenses because prefabricated components require less repair and preventive maintenance. Construction operation less affected by weather. The effects of weather on construction operation are less due to the fabrication of IBS components is done in factory while at site is only erection of the components. Faster project completion due to rapid all weather construction. Flexibility. Different systems may produce their own unique prefabrication construction methods. IBS will provide more flexibility in the design of precast element. Increase site safety and neatness. This method will lead to the neater site condition and increase safety. Using IBS components leads to less construction process especially for the wet work at site. Disadvantages of IBS for public housing Although there are a lot of advantages of IBS, however there are limitations for this system to be use too. Nothing in this world is perfect, so as using IBS. Disadvantages of IBS are as follows:- Advantages Description High initial capital cost. The initial capital cost of IBS is usually higher that conventional method. The initial cost is including the cost of constructing the factory, casting beds and support machinery. This method only can be achieved when undertaking large demand for public is housing projects. Problem of joints. These method are very sensitive to the errors and sloppy work. This joint problem will be the water leakage and is often the major problem in building constructed where using IBS. This problem is clearer in Malaysia where raining occur rapidly throughout the year. Sophisticated plants and skilled operators. The prefabrication system relies heavily on sophisticated plants, which have to be well coordinated and maintained by skilled operators. Breakdown in any one section would hold-up the entire production line. Site accessibility. Site accessibility is one of the most important factors of the implementation of IBS. IBS requires adequate site accessibility to transport IBS components from factory to the site. According to Abraham Warszawski (1999), the transportations cost of prefabricated elements from plant to their construction site, amount to 3% to 5% of their total cost for distances not exceeding 50km to 100km. Large working area. Building construction using IBS requires a large working area for the factory, trailers, tower-cranes and storage for the IBS components. Most construction sites especially in cities are often congested and unable to provide the area required. Hence, prefabrication is at disadvantage when asked to complete for work at locations far from the fabrication yard. Table 2 shows as the relative advantages and disadvantages of industrialization under various conditions. Table 2: Relative advantages and disadvantage of industrialization under various conditions. IBS Roadmap 2003-2010 Prefabricated construction in Malaysia started way back almost fourth years ago with the completion of the Tunku Abdul Rahman Public Housing Estate or commonly known as the Pekeliling Flats. No proper plan was formulated by the government for the industrialisation of construction and until the inception of the IBS Roadmap 2003-2010. This is a master plan to facilitate the transformation the Malaysian construction sector was formulated with inputs from industry and endorsed by the Cabinet back in October 2003. Known as the Industrialised Building System (IBS) Roadmap 2003-2010, the master plan is based on the 5-M Strategy (Manpower, Materials-Components-Machines, Management-Processes-Methods, Monetary economic and financial and Marketing promotion) with the target of having an industrialised construction industry as well as achieving Open Building by the year 2010. The transformation of the construction sector is crucial in ensuring the successful achievement of Vision 2020. The objectives of IBS Roadmaps 2003-2010 are:- To reduce the percentages of foreign workers from the current stage is 75% to 55% in 2005, 25% for 2007 and 15% for 2009. Increasing the percentages of using IBS for the Government Building Project from the 30% to 50% for 2006 and 70% for 2008. To increasing the quality, productivity, safety and competitiveness in the construction sector. To reduce the total percentages of foreign workers especially involved in wet trades. Using modular co-ordination (MC) based on MS 1064 through Undang-undang Kecil Bangunan Seragam (UKB